![]() Hair cells are sensitive to aging, acoustic trauma, ototoxic drugs ( Fu et al., 2021b), and environmental or genetic influences ( Wang et al., 2017 Qian et al., 2020 Fu et al., 2021a Lv et al., 2021). OHCs function to enhance sound frequency selectivity and mechanical amplification, and inner hair cells (IHCs) are responsible for subsequent sound detection and transmission. Sound is collected and conducted by the external and middle ear, then transformed into electrical signals by cochlear mechanosensory cells: the inner and outer hair cells (OHCs) ( Dallos, 1986). Histological characteristics of age-related hearing loss include degenerative pathology in cochlear hair cells, supporting cells, and auditory nerve endings, resulting in irreversible damage to the sensory epithelium of the cochlea ( He et al., 2020 Keithley, 2020 Wu et al., 2020b). Lesions in the cochlea, auditory nerve, and central auditory pathway induce sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) nearly a third of the population over the age of 65 is suffering from it 1. According to the value of pure tone thresholds, it can be classified as mild (20–35 dB), moderate (35–50 dB), moderately severe (50–65 dB), severe (65–80 dB), profound (80–95 dB), and total (≥95 dB) hearing loss. Hearing loss is defined by an average pure-tone threshold detection exceeding 20 dB, affecting approximately 466 million people worldwide. In this review, we discuss the relevant literature, from clinical trials to research mice models, to provide an overview of auditory dysfunctions in the most common neurological disorders, particularly those associated with hearing loss, and to explain their underlying pathological and molecular mechanisms. ![]() The prevalence, manifestations, and neuropathological mechanisms underlying vary among different diseases. Many studies have revealed that neurological disorders manifest with hearing loss, in addition to typical nervous symptoms. Neurological disorders cover a wide range of diseases affecting the nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), etc. Its histological characteristics are lesions in cochlear hair cells, supporting cells, and auditory nerve endings. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affects approximately 466 million people worldwide, which is projected to reach 900 million by 2050. ![]()
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